Q1. 您的年齡？（單選題）
Q2. 您的年級？（單選題）
Q3. 您月收入是多少？（單選題）
Q4. Which one of the following statements about cardiomyocyte apoptosis is incorrect? （）（單選題）
A. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the main factors for weakening myocardial contractility
B. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis makes the cardiac wall thin
C. Apoptosis induces the death of myocardial cells after acute myocardial infarction
D. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis may be caused by inflammatory factors
E. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis may be caused by overload
Q5. Which one of the following is incorrect in excessive myocardial hypertrophy? （）（單選題）
A. Decreased sympathetic nervous density in the myocardium
B. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of hypertrophic myocardium
C. Less calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Increased activity of myosin ATPase in hypertrophic myocardium
E. Decreased concentrations of norepinephrine in hypertrophic myocardium
Q6. Which one of the following situations is not associated with the dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling in myocardium? （）（單選題）
A. Acidosis
B. The obstruction of L-type calcium channels
C. The increased production of ATP in myocardium
D. Hyperkalemia
E. Hypoxia
Q7. Which one of the following changes does not occur in right heart failure? （）（單選題）
A. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
B. Anasarca
C. Engorgement of neck veins
D. Ascites
E. Liver congestion
Q8. Which one of the following symptoms is mainly induced by left heart failure? （）（單選題）
A. Pitting edema
B. Dyspnea
C. Liver tumefaction and tenderness
D. Engorgement of jugular veins
E. Dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract
Q9. The pathogenesis of dyspnea in patients with left heart failure is （）（單選題）
A. Hypotension
B. Congestion of systemic circulation
C. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia
D. Increased blood volume
E. Pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema
Q10. Which of the following is not the pathogenesis of heart failure? （）（單選題）
A. Decreased the activity of Ca2+- ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Decreased the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Increased the quantity of Ca2+ binding to troponin
D. Reduced the influx of extracellular Ca2+
E. Increased the outflow of intracellular Ca2+ through Na+ - Ca2+ exchanger
Q11. Which of the followings is not the mechanism that acidosis leads to the dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling （）（單選題）
A. Inhibiting Ca2+ inflow into cells
B. Inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Promoting the intake and reserve of Ca2+ by mitochondrion
D. Increasing the affinity between sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+
E. H+ competing with Ca2+ for the combination to troponin
Q12. Excessive myocardial hypertrophy is decompensative for heart failure because of (multiple choice)（）（多選題）
A. Decreased activity of myosin ATPase
B. Increased density of sympathetic nerve terminal
C. Decreased function of mitochondrion
D. Decreased compliance
E. Myocardial ischemia
Q13. During sleep, some patients with left heart failure can develop a manifestation of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea whose mechanisms may include (multiple choice)（）（多選題）
A. An increase in the venous return from the lower extremities
B. Vagus excitation
C. Increased fluid shift from interstitial space to the vascular compartment
D. Depression of the respiratory center
E. Increased volume of thoracic cavity
